1. Ad
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
pay attention to the following sentences !!
a) The teacher screams angrily
b) Hinar asks to her mother honestly
c) Be quiet please!!
Words like fast,happy.quite,angry etc are adjectives. We use them with nouns as attributive adjectives such as " a angry man", and predicative adjective like "The man is angry".
Angrily and honestly are adverbs. Adverbs are used to describe how to people do things or how things happen.
Example :
- She sings very well
- Arni looks sleepy this morning.
- He spoke badly.
exercise
fill the blanks with the correct form at the word in parentheses / choose the correct word in the bracket.
1. Edy can run quickly (quick)
2. His writing is neat (neat)
3. She cried loudly (loud)
4. We must study hard (hard)
1. Coordinate Conjunctions chapter 12, page 105
Coordinate Conjunctions
> Both Ron and Bob are enjoy horseback riding
> Not only my sister but also my mother is here
> He has neither a pen nor paper
> I'll take either mathematic or english next semester
NOTE
~ Two subjects connected by both...and...take a plural verb.
~ When two sibjects are connected by not only...but also...,either...or...,neither...nor...
the subjects that is closer to the verbs determines whether the verb is singular or plural.
Notice the parallel structure in the examples. The same grammatical form should follow each word of teh pair:
- Both + noun + and + noun
- Not only + verb + but also + verb
- Either + noun + or + noun
- Neither + adjective + nor + adjectives
Combine the following into sentences which contain parallel structure. Use appropriate paired conjunctions both... and/ not only...but also/ either...or / neither...nor
1. Arthur is absent.Pam is absent.
Both Arthur and Pam are absent.
2. You can have tea,or you can have coffee
You can have either tea or coffee
3. Yeni is not in class today. Pam is not in class today.
Neither Yeni nor Pam is not in class today.
4.
CAN, COULD AND BE ABLE TO
1.CAN
We can use ‘can’ to talk about ability or capability. The negative of can is “cannot (can’t).
· Can you sweep?
· She can sing a dangdut song.
· I can’t help your sister.
We can use “be able to” instead of can, but can is more common.
2. could and was / were able to
a. We can use could to say that someone had the general ability to do something in the past.
- I could swim when I was 6 years old.
- My father could speak English and Japanese.
b. When we want to say that someone had the ability to do something, and that they did it a particular situation, we must use was/ were able to.( could is not possible)
- Eventhough I’d hurt my leg. I was able to swim back to the boat.
- the test was very difficult, but we were able to finish it on time.
c. There is an exeption with the verbs of perception. Such us see,hear, smell, taste,feel and same verbs of thingking such us understand,remember. We use could with these verbs when we actually did these things in particular situations.
- We could see a man in the garden.
- she didn’t speak very clearly, but I could understand what she said.
d. We could use “could not (couldn’t) for both general ability and particular situations.
- My grandmother couldn’t speak English.
- He tried very hard, but he couldn’t swim back to the boat.
e. COULD HAVE…
We use could have + verb 3 to say that someone had the ability or the opportunity to something in the past but didn’t do it.
· I could have gone to the university when I was younger, but I decided not to.
· You could have helped me.Why didn’t you?
PREFERENCES
· PREFER
1. Prefer noun to noun
Lia prefers bread to sandwhich
2. PREFER GERUND TO GERUND
Ana & Yudy prefer reading to writing.
3. PREFER TO VERB 1 THAN VERB 1
My sister prefers to cook than sweep.
When prefer is used with an infinitive, another clause can be introduced by rather than. Two structures are possible : infinitive to or-ing form.
Example :
I prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than drive/ driving all the way to my friends.
· WOULD RATHER
1. WOULD RATHER VERB 1 THAN VERB 1
I’d rather stay at home than go out this night.
When we form negative structure, we put ‘not’ after would rather.
I’d rather not go out this night.
We can also use the following structure to say that on eperson would prefer someone else to do something.
2. WOULD RATHER + S + P.TENSE
-I’d rather you didn’t open the window. I’m cold.
-I’d rather you stayed here.
-I’d rather John didn’t borrow my money.
Note : Although we use the past ‘didn’t open…, you stayed…, didn’t borrow …, the meaning is present future, not past.
· LIKE
1. LIKE NOUN BETTER THAN NOUN
Andi likes orange juice better than coffee.
2. LIKE GERUND BETTER THAN GERUND
Andi likes drinking orange juice better than buying it.
1. Gerund and Infinitives chapter 12, page 108
2. Present Progressive Tense chapter 13, page 115
3. Suffixes chapter 13, page 118
4. Imperative chapter 14, page 127
5. Question Tags chapter 14, page 129
6. Comparing Things chapter 15, page 135 -- 136
7. Preferences chapter 16, page 145- 147
8. Can, Could, Be able to chapter 159 – 160
· Notices :
Make summary about that above topics and give some exercises& key answers
to support your explanation. It is very helpfull if you give supporting learning website about that topics.
Postingan
0 komentar:
Posting Komentar